I'm getting off into the weeds of what I know here, so take this all with a grain of salt. (I probably used to know more about all of this than I do right now.)

The difference between a pit and a land is an optical phase change. The pits and lands vary in length, and there are 9 valid variations in their lengths. This combined phase/temporal situation eventually (thanks, science folks from 1970-something!) turns into a serial binary electrical signal inside of a CD player.

This binary electrical signal can be recorded.

Recorded with what, you asked?

CDs have a lot more going on than just audio data: Remember, there's forward error correction at play and (by spec, IIRC) a player is supposed to be able to completely recover data even if there is a gap of 1mm due to a scratch or other interruption. (There's also room for tricks like CD+G to live in the background, and certainly what may seem like an inordinate amount of data used just for clocking: CDs are CLV, so playing them happens at a continuously-varying rotational speed in a tightly closed loop because buffer RAM was expensive to buy, and expensive to manage, and tight speed control was cheaper to implement. Remember, this was a finished digital product that was released in 1981.)

I find old references[0] that suggest that the raw data rate of a CD (it does not matter what kind) is 4.3218 Mbps.

So, to posit some example hardware: With careful loops and decent wiring, accurately capturing this seems like it would be well within the purvey of an RP2040's PIO's DMA modes to get that data into RAM, and also well within one of its 133MHz 32-bit ARM core's ability to package up and deliver that data over USB 2 to a host machine that can store it for later analysis -- plus or minus a transistor or two, or maybe a pullup resistor in just the right spot.

(But that's just my opinion as a home hacker who has dabbled in RP2040 PIO assembler, and who is at or a bit beyond their knowledge of compact discs. I may wake up tomorrow and decide that the above is all bullshit and wish I could erase all of it. If in doubt, Phillips datasheets for CD player chipsets from the first half of the 1980s can probably help a lot more than I can.)

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As to the username: It's old. It predates Secure Socket Layer, but it's way newer than Solid State Logic. I was just a young kid with a new modem when I dialed into a Telegard BBS and started to sign up for an account, and got stuck at the prompt to enter a "Handle". I didn't know what a handle was in this new-to-me context.

The sysop saw that I was stuck and dragged me into chat, as good sysops (hi Shawn!) tended to do upon seeing such a thing. We chatted for a bit, and I wasn't feeling creative, so he suggested that maybe I could look around for inspiration since most people used a made-up handle on his particular BBS.

I found a 5.25" floppy disk on the desk that I'd borrowed from the local public library. It was labeled "Selective Shareware Library, Volume 3." (It was also almost certainly infected with the Stoned virus[1]).

Anyhow, that was sufficiently inspiring, so ssl-3 it was.

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0: https://www.geocities.ws/columbiaisa/cd_specs.htm

1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoned_(computer_virus)

How CD pregaps gained their hidden track superpowers