> But I’ve noticed the way people respond to ambiguous statements reveals a lot about their internal state

There are well-documented cognitive biases associated with different forms of ambiguous stimulus interpretation.

It's a target of cognitive-behavioral therapy, for instance, as individuals who are depressed or anxious tend to interpret ambiguous stimuli in certain ways (in general; every person is different; for example, interpreting an ambiguous social situation as reflecting disapproval).

Aggressive individuals are more likely to exhibit a hostile attribution bias as well. Specifically, they're more likely to interpret ambiguous social situations as reflecting hostile intent.

Even some projective tests demonstrate validity. The arguments in those cases tend to be about norms and how to score them and interpret them (to your point, I think there's some evidence that a Sentence Completion Test has a bit more validity than some others).

This was kind of an interesting paper but a poor test of the projective/ambiguous stimulus interpretation hypothesis in general. On the other hand, I guess people are positing this stuff so it's important to have empirical boundaries around it.

A lot of the work in this area has kind of died down due to controversies in the past and a stigma around psychodynamic theories. I've always thought it would be interesting to use modern LLM/DL models with ambiguous stimuli to test these hypotheses (and if they work out, develop prediction and scoring methods) in a more rigorous and thorough way. I think there's always been a kind of problem with past research of how to handle the responses, which are basically natural language responses, which are harder to code etc than T/F, rating scale etc. But if you have LLMs, seems like you can make it more tractable.

There is this theory that structured stimuli (e.g., an item on a typical questionnaire or test) allows you to more precisely target a process and act as primes for recognition. That is, if you want to know about X, you're better off asking or probing specifically for X, and that will prime a respondent through recognition, which is more direct than asking indirectly about something which might initiate an off-target process involving more of a recall process, which is less reliable.

That is definitely true, but it seems like sometimes you don't know what you're looking for, or there might be a kind of impression management problem where people are motivated to respond in certain ways. I don't think you can ever get around that completely, but getting at something in multiple ways often seems better than getting at it in just one way.

Do ambiguous images provide psychological insights? Testing a popular claim